Pulmonary Embolism and DVT Care at Arizona Pulmonary Specialists

What is Pulmonary Embolism and DVT?

A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, typically in the legs. If the clot breaks loose, it can travel to the lungs and block blood flow—a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE). A large PE can be life-threatening, making early recognition and treatment essential.

Risk Factors for Blood Clots

Certain conditions and lifestyle factors can increase the risk of developing blood clots, including:

• Prolonged immobility – Bed rest, long flights, or sitting for extended periods
• Recent surgery or hospitalization – Especially after orthopedic or major procedures
• Cancer and chemotherapy – Some cancers and treatments increase clotting risk
• Genetic clotting disorders – Conditions like Factor V Leiden mutation
• Pregnancy and postpartum – Increased risk due to hormonal changes
• Smoking – Damages blood vessels, making clots more likely
• Obesity – Extra weight puts strain on circulation
• Hormone therapy or birth control pills – Certain medications can increase clotting risk

Symptoms of PE and DVT

Recognizing the warning signs of a DVT or PE can help prevent serious complications.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Symptoms:

• Swelling – Usually in one leg, often accompanied by warmth
• Pain or tenderness – Especially when standing or walking
• Red or discolored skin – Can appear flushed or darker than usual
• Leg cramps – Particularly in the calf

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) Symptoms:

• Sudden shortness of breath – Can happen even at rest
• Sharp chest pain – Often worsens with deep breathing
• Rapid heart rate – The body’s response to low oxygen levels
• Coughing up blood – A serious warning sign requiring urgent care
• Dizziness or fainting – May indicate a significant blood flow blockage

If you experience any of these symptoms, call your doctor or go to the nearest emergency room immediately.

Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism and DVT

Because symptoms of DVT and PE can mimic other conditions, accurate diagnosis is critical. To confirm a diagnosis, our specialists use advanced imaging and blood tests such as:

• Doppler ultrasound – The standard test to detect DVT in the legs
• CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) – A specialized scan to detect blood clots in the lungs
• Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan – A nuclear medicine test to assess blood flow in the lungs
• Pulmonary angiography – Injecting contrast directly into the pulmonary arteries
• D-dimer blood test – Measures clot-related proteins in the blood

By combining these tools with a detailed medical history and risk assessment, we ensure the most accurate diagnosis possible.

Treatment of PE and DVT

The goal of treatment is to prevent clots from growing, reduce complications, and stop new clots from forming. At Arizona Pulmonary Specialists, our approach may include:

Blood Thinners (Anticoagulants)

Blood thinners stabilize and allow the body to break down the clot. There are two main types of blood thinners:

• Traditional anticoagulants – Warfarin (Coumadin) requires regular monitoring to maintain safe levels. Our Coumadin Clinic provides on-site blood monitoring using a simple finger-stick test, ensuring safe and effective anticoagulation therapy. Injectable blood thinners such as Lovenox are another option.
• Newer anticoagulants (NOACs) – Medications like Xarelto, Eliquis, and Pradaxa offer effective clot prevention without frequent blood testing. As these medications do not have the same dietary and medication interactions, many patients find them much easier.

Our doctors are experts in managing these medications and will guide you in choosing the best option for your condition.

Clot-Dissolving Medications (Thrombolytics)

For severe PE, we may use tPA (tissue plasminogen activator), a strong clot-busting drug that quickly dissolves the blockage. This is usually reserved for life-threatening cases due to its higher risk of bleeding.

Compression Therapy and Lifestyle Adjustments

Other approaches your doctor may recommend include:

• Compression stockings to help prevent DVT recurrence by improving blood flow
• Staying active and hydrated to reduce the risk of new clots
• Smoking cessation and weight management to further lower clotting risk

Treatment Duration

A first-time clot typically requires 3-6 months of blood thinners. Patients with recurring clots or high-risk cases may require lifelong anticoagulation. As with all conditions, our pulmonologists will determine the best treatment plan for your individual needs.

Side Effects of PE and DVT

Occasionally patients that experience a PE may develop chronic complications, such as pulmonary hypertension. At Arizona Pulmonary Specialists, our pulmonary experts specialize in diagnosing and managing this condition with advanced therapies. Learn more about pulmonary hypertension, including symptoms, diagnosis, and care.

Why Choose Arizona Pulmonary Specialists?

• Experienced specialists – Experts in diagnosing and treating PE and DVT
• Advanced diagnostics – Cutting-edge tests to ensure accurate and timely diagnoses
• Dedicated Coumadin Clinic – Convenient on-site blood monitoring for those on warfarin therapy
• Comprehensive pulmonary hypertension care – Specialized treatment for patients with long-term complications of PE

Physicians Specializing in PE and DVT

Our team of lung specialists, nurses, and respiratory therapists is committed to delivering expert, compassionate care for blood clots and other pulmonary conditions.